论企业数据担保的模式选择与权利登记

On Form Selection and Right Registration Rules of Enterprise Data Security

关键词:  关键词：数据资产；数据质押；权利质押；数据登记；企业数据资产质押

Key words:  Key words：Data Assets；Data Pledge；Pledge of Rights；Data Registry；Pledge of Enterprise Data Assets

摘要:

摘要：企业为充分发挥数据要素的价值、提高融资效率，发展出以企业数据为担保客体的融资模式。面对日益增加的交易需求，企业数据担保的适格客体与担保模式亟待厘清。常见的数据交易客体中，数据资产定义广泛，涵盖的数据类别丰富，且满足担保客体的特定性、可控性、具有价值和价值可评估的要求，应作为企业数据担保的客体。建议建设数据资产三级分类制度，解决数据资产的特定性争议，厘清其权利。在权利抵押和权利质押两种模式中，数据资产应设立质押担保，且采取登记生效模式。为兼顾数据资产担保的实质性审查需求与广泛公示效果，建议构建数据资产“双重登记”模式，由大数据交易所承担实质性审查与设权登记职能，并将权利内容纳入动产与权利统一担保制度进行公示。

Abstract:

Abstract：In order to give full play to the value of data elements and improve the efficiency of financing,enterprises have developed financing models that use enterprise data as the object of security.In the face of the increasing demand for transactions,it is urgent to clarify the eligible objects and security models for enterprise data security.Among the common data transaction objects,data assets are broadly defined and cover a wide range of data categories.Moreover,it meets the requirement of specificity,controllability,value and value assess ability of guarantee objects and should be used as the object of enterprise data security.It is recommended that a three-tier classification system for data assets be constructed to resolve disputes over the specificity of data assets and clarify the rights over them.Of the two modes of security,pledge of rights and hypothecation of rights,data assets should be encumbered by a pledge,and the mode of creation should be by registration.In order to balance the need for substantive review of data asset security with the need for broad publicity,it is recommended that a ‘dual registration’ model for data assets be constructed,whereby the Global Big Data Exchange undertakes the substantive review and registration of encumbrances,and then includes the relevant information in the Uniform Security Regime for Movable Assets and Rights (UNCGMR) for publicity purposes.